The Case Study of Jones-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Jones. Answer: Introduction This is a case summary of patient Jones aged 60 years who has been admitted at the health care hospital with symptom of urinal effects, this led to diagnosis of prostatic hyperplasia. It is also referred to as benign enlargement of the prostate. Medically it has been described as non cancerous however it leads to increases in the size of the prostate. The increase of the size of the prostate is involved in the hyperplasia of the prostatic and epithelial cells. Medically it leads to increase in cells number rather than the individual size of the cells. When these cells are large, they push downwards and narrow itself into the urethra which results in the increase of the resistance received by the urine when being released. This condition commonly causes resistance to the flow of the urine in the body. This causes the bladder to work extra function which leads to progressive increase in hypertrophy and weakness of the muscle mass. When this condition remains at the same state untreated for long time, it causes recurrent urinary tract infections and at times is a risks factor of kidney stones. Presentation of Aetiology and Path physiology of the diseases BPH involves the stoma and epithelial cells which often arises in the section of urethral and transition zones on the glands. The growth of hyperplasia causes the enlargement of the growth and this offers restrictions on the flow of urine. BHP has been presumed as part of the ageing process among men and is hormonally reliant on testosterone hormone production in the body. Over 60 % of men have demonstrated histopathology BHP as they reach the age of 60 years same as for the case of Mr Jones. The insuring dysfunction of the bladder results in obstruction of the urethra emptying; this causes lower urinary tract symptoms, (Moore Gay,2004). Common observable symptoms as for this patient are the frequent urinary , urgency and nocturia experience which entails awakening at night, incomplete emptying and intermittent stream force. Often complications have been observed however in fewer cases. this complications include urinary retention , impaired bladder emptying , renal failure cases and recurrent urinary tract infections and hematuria, (Rogers et al., 2008). Causes Studies have often linked hormones such as the androgens and testosterone which are related to hormones as part of the cause of this condition. This position has been supported through experimental trials of castrated men not developing this disease when they continue ageing. Other linked causes include dieting among men. Studies have shown that dietary patterns affect the development of the diseases. Studies done in countries like China have suggests that high protein intake may play crucial role in cancer development and further men in urban cities consuming animal protein were encountering high prevalence rate, (Lepor, 2010). As people age benign prostatic hyperplasia tend to be more prevalence, theories such as disrepair theory have suggests that growth of BPH results from decline of the functionality of the fibrosis and weakening of muscular tissues of the body, (Lepor, 2011). This essence provides the important aspect of the functionality of the prostate and excretion of fluid often produces by the prostatic glands in men glands. As with patient John in the case study, it is relevant that his lifestyle just reflects the level of toxicity injected in the cells of the body promoting growth of benign cells hyperplasia. His lifestyle is that of heavy consumption of alcohol and presence of modifiable risks factor which is obesity. Management of the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Treatment options have been offered to manage the condition. These treatment avenues involve lifestyle management changes which are meant to ensure that medication, self catheterization and surgery are recommended treatment options available. Medication often used to ensure that benign growth are the use of alpha1 receptor blockers and 5aplaha reductase inhibitors which are used to minimise pressure on the urethra and for easier access and passage of urine. At times this conservative treatment fails; however, surgical removal is essential for this case. Other alternative medical approaches have been used to manage this condition such as the use of saw palmetto, however much research has not been put forward to manage this, (Lepor, 2006). Underlying Path Physiology of Post Operative Deterioration Patient Jones in this case study has shown that he is not affected by post surgical clinical distress by the symptoms. This is clearly demonstrated by the clinical observations of normal blood pressure, pulse at the rate of 120bpm, temperature slightly below normal at 35.0 degrees Celsius and pain score at 0/10. With the patient state and lifestyle management he is currently undertaking the disease management condition is likely to deteriorate as he is being discharge. The effect of quality of life has often been assed using the quality of life index which values indicate that less than score of three have shown to illustrate bothersome. Patients often showing obstruction and bothersome symptoms have been categorised into stage I of the disease, but those with no bothersome symptoms are ranked as stage II have Quality of Life score of more or equals to 3. Those displaying significant obstruction shave shown to have been categorised as stage III. There are those with complications of the disease which include retention of the urine, signs and occurrence of bladder stones, recurrent bleeding, and infections are termed as stage IV of the diseases, (Pinto et al., 2015). Nursing Management Skills For low grade stage disease can be managed through active surveillance by medical nurse, to monitor for any development of any complications. A high grade stage of the disease would need a more invasive nursing management, which can entails readmission to surgical process. However for this to take effect there is need to manage the patient age state, co-morbidity, social economic aspects and the preference values available, (Tanguay et al., 2009). As a nurse proper understanding of the disease path physiology and clinical management of BPH would ensure that better individualised care and person cantered approach towards its management which often proves a more cost effective approach . This nursing management technique often assess whether the diseases is life strengthening, leads to serve obstruction which often causes hydronephrosis, infection occurrence and immune suppression to the patient which may cause ultimate death. Care needs to taken with management of bladder, as its damage can be drastic and swift. As a case such as these, bladder functions can be impaired immensely, this can lead to poor voiding and occurrence of back pressure changes happening in the kidney, which alters and disrupts other functions. Thus watchful modal treatment should be applied with BPH management. As nurse there is need for watchful waiting and adequate and immediate medical attention being offered to the patient with regards to the age, and social economic state and other parameters which are associative to the care process, (Bradway et al., 2013). Hence having a thoughtful experience and understanding of the path physiology of the disease state is important in ensuring that the disease is cared through a balanced clinical approach and ensuring provision of personalized care for the patient. Interdisciplinary Health Care Team Nutritionist With regard to patient Jones state of health there is need to ensure that lifestyle counselling needs to b e adopted before any discharge is made. The mentioned dietary behaviour whatsoever would need to ensure that the overload of alcohol consumption and body mass index currently being observed for the patient is high and needs critical management. Nutritional counselling needs to be undertaken in order to ensure that there is reduction in the level of carbohydrates consumed which lowers the obesity level and reduces the breakdown of fats in the body which are often released as ketones. There are numerous studies conducted which has enlisted dietary factors and the risks of BPH. These aspects are confined to how the patient will manage consumption of proteins, high energy intake such as alcohol and promote consumption of soy products which studies have shown to lower immensely the prevalence of prostate diseases especially among the Asian population. Thus basic role of a nutritionist in BPH management is to provide advice on the dietary management with regards to dietary and lifestyle management of the patients. Patient such as Jones needs to consider lowering intake of fats and increase the amounts of therapeutic foods upon discharge as this has shown to improve the care process among the BPH patients. Caregivers A care giver plays a crucial role in ensuring that disease management and care of BPH is followed to the latter. Caregivers have acted as enablers who affect medication behaviour among aging, (Kusljic et al., 2013). Patient Jones needs a caregiver who will always ensure that they offer the support needed by the patient in ensuring positive recovery of the diseases. Studies have shown that older patients with caregivers who are often assisted with medication care had better health outcomes. Patients with adequate care management were less likely to experience complaints with respect to medical attention, thus care givers offers the necessary support both in ward and outpatient care in ensuring that the right medical protocol is adhered to. Psychologists services Evidence based care process has observed that usage of useful health care implementation of culturally sensitive health care linked to psychological well being of patients is essential for care of BPH. The need in hospital psychological help is essential in ensuring that management state of the patient is stabilized. Often defining characteristics for this patient involves the occurrence and experience of residual urine, lower tract infections that may occur postoperatively, anxiety and depressions symptoms associated with transurethral resection of the prostate. Thus providing support of these services ensures that the patient cope up with symptoms and progress of the disease positively and learning how to cope up with it after and before discharge at the facility. Conclusion Patient management care will be thus essential in ensuring care for the patient is provided. Adequate medical history and care management after surgery is essential in ensuring that the patients receive essential health care. Proper level of care guarantees improved quality of life to the patients. Clearly understanding the patho physiology of patient Jones, assessing his patho physiology and involvement of greater health care team is essential for his recovery process and positive health improvement. 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Nursing research, 53(6S), S36-S41. Pinto, J. D. O., He, H. G., Chan, S. W. C., Toh, P. C., Esuvaranathan, K., Wang, W. (2015). Health?related quality of life and psychological well?being in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(3-4), 511-522. Rogers, M. A., Mody, L., Kaufman, S. R., Fries, B. E., McMahon, L. F., Saint, S. (2008). Use of urinary collection devices in skilled nursing facilities in five states. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56(5), 854-861. Tanguay, S., Awde, M., Brock, G., Casey, R., Kozak, J., Lee, J., Saad, F. (2009). Diagnosis and management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in primary care. Canadian Urological Association Journal, 3(3 Suppl 2), S92S100.